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The primary means of transferring fiber optic calibration metrology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is through artifact standards called Standard Reference Materials (SRM). NIST currently provides SRMs for fiber geometry (fiber cladding diameter and coating diameter, ferrule inner and outer diameter), and fiber propagation characteristics (mode-field diameter and chromatic dispersion). Also soon to be available are SRMs for polarization-mode dispersion and polarization-dependent loss in fibers. This paper will discuss the characteristics, applications and impact of these artifact standards.