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Joseph W. Robertson, Madhav Ghimire, Joseph Reiner
Abstract
Protein nanopores have emerged as an important class of sensor, for the understanding of biophysical processes, such as molecular transport across membranes, and detection and characterization of biopolymers. We trace the development of these sensors from the Coulter counter and squid axon studies through the modern applications of these sensors including exquisite detection of small volume changes and molecular reactions at the single molecule (or reactant) scale. The review focuses on the chemistry of biological pores, and how that influences the physical chemistry of molecular detection.
Robertson, J.
, Ghimire, M.
and Reiner, J.
(2021),
Nanopore sensing: a physical-chemical approach, Biochimica Et Biophysica ACTA-Biomembranes, [online], https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183644, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=931550
(Accessed October 9, 2025)