NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Svenja A. Knappe, P Schwindt, Vladislav Gerginov, V Shah, Hugh Robinson, Leo W. Hollberg, John E. Kitching, Li-Anne Liew, John Moreland
Abstract
We demonstrate the critical subsystems of compact atomic clocks and magnetometers based on microfabricated physics packages. The clock components have a volume below 5 cm3, a fractional frequency instability below 6x10-10/τ1⁄2, and consume 200 mW of power. The magnetometer has a sensitivity below 50 pT/Hz1⁄2 at 50 Hz.
Knappe, S.
, Schwindt, P.
, Gerginov, V.
, Shah, V.
, Robinson, H.
, Hollberg, L.
, Kitching, J.
, Liew, L.
and Moreland, J.
(2006),
Microfabricated atomic clocks and magnetometers, Journal of Optics A-Pure and Applied Optics, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=50229
(Accessed October 3, 2025)