NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Legal and Technical Measurement Requirements for Time and Frequency
Published
Author(s)
Michael A. Lombardi
Abstract
This paper discusses various technologies and applications that rely on precise time and frequency, and explores their legal and technical requirements for measurement uncertainty. The technologies and applications discussed include financial markets, the wired and wireless telephone networks, radio and television broadcast stations, the electrical power grid, and radionavigation systems. Also discussed are the legal and technical requirements for ¿everyday¿ metrology situations, including wristwatches, commercial timing devices, and radar devices used by law enforcement officers.
frequency, general metrology, legal metrology, time
Citation
Lombardi, M.
(2006),
Legal and Technical Measurement Requirements for Time and Frequency, Measure: The Journal of Measurement Science, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=50304
(Accessed October 1, 2025)