The Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX): A test-bed for developing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission measurements.

Published

May 23, 2017

Author(s)

Ken Davis, Kevin Gurney, R. M. Hardesty, Shepson Paul, Colm Sweeney, Jocelyn Turnbull, James Whetstone, Anna Karion

Abstract

The objective of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX) is to develop, evaluate and improve methods for measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cities. INFLUX's scientific objectives are to quantify CO2 and CH4 emission rates at 1 km2 resolution with a 10% or better accuracy and precision, to determine whole-city emissions with similar skill, and to achieve high (weekly or finer) temporal resolution at both spatial resolutions. The experiment employs atmospheric GHG measurements from both towers and aircraft, atmospheric transport observations and models, and activity-based inventory products to quantify urban GHG emissions. Multiple, independent methods for estimating urban emissions are a central facet of our experimental design. INFLUX was initiated in 2010 and measurements and analyses are ongoing. To date we have quantified urban atmospheric GHG enhancements using aircraft and towers with measurements collected over multiple years, and have estimated whole-city CO2 and CH4 emissions using aircraft and tower GHG measurements, and inventory methods. Significant differences exist across methods; these differences have not yet been resolved; research to reduce uncertainties and reconcile these differences is underway. Sectorally- and spatially-resolved flux estimates, and detection of changes of fluxes over time, are also active research topics. Major challenges include developing methods for distinguishing anthropogenic from biogenic CO2 fluxes, improving our ability to interpret atmospheric GHG measurements close to urban GHG sources and across a broader range of atmospheric stability conditions, and quantifying uncertainties in inventory data products. INFLUX data and tools are intended to serve as an open resource and test bed for future investigations. Well-documented, public archival of data and methods is underway in support of this objective.

Citation

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

Pub Type

Journals

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Citation

Davis, K. , Gurney, K. , Hardesty, R. , Paul, S. , Sweeney, C. , Turnbull, J. , Whetstone, J. and Karion, A. (2017), The Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX): A test-bed for developing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission measurements., Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, [online], https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.188 (Accessed October 13, 2025)