Imaging of induced surface charge distribution effects in glass vapor cells used for Rydberg atom-based sensors

Published

June 1, 2025

Author(s)

Charles Patrick, Noah Schlossberger, Daniel Hammerland, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Tate McDonald, Samuel Berweger, Rajavardhan Talashila, Alexandra Artusio-Glimpse, Christopher Holloway

Abstract

We demonstrate the imaging of localized surface electric (E) field effects on the atomic spectrum in a vapor cell used in Rydberg atom-based sensors. These surface E-fields can result from an induced electric charge distribution on the surface. Induced surface charge distributions can dramatically perturb the atomic spectrum, hence degrading the ability to perform electrometry. These effects become pronounced near the walls of the vapor cell, posing challenges for vapor cell miniaturization. Using a fluorescence imaging technique, we investigate the effects of surface charge on the atomic spectrum generated with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Our results reveal that visible light (480 and 511 nm), i.e., the coupling laser used in two-photon Rydberg EIT schemes, generates localized patches of charge or dipoles where this light interacts with the glass walls of the vapor cell, while a three-photon Rydberg EIT scheme using only near-infrared wavelength lasers shows no measurable field induction. Additionally, imaging in a vacuum chamber where a glass plate is placed between large electrodes confirms that the induced charge is positive. We further validate these findings by studying the photoelectric effect with broadband light during EIT and impedance measurements. These results demonstrate the power of the fluorescence imaging technique to study localized E-field distributions in vapor cells and to target the photoelectric effect of the alkali-exposed glass of vapor cells as a major disruptor in Rydberg atom-based sensors.

Citation

AVS Quantum Science

Volume

7

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1116/5.0264378

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Keywords

Rydberg vapor compact charge photoelectric dipole surface fluorescent florescence EIT imaging camera

Citation

Patrick, C. , Schlossberger, N. , Hammerland, D. , Prajapati, N. , McDonald, T. , Berweger, S. , Talashila, R. , Artusio-Glimpse, A. and Holloway, C. (2025), Imaging of induced surface charge distribution effects in glass vapor cells used for Rydberg atom-based sensors, AVS Quantum Science, [online], https://doi.org/10.1116/5.0264378, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=959389 (Accessed October 13, 2025)