NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Formalism for the determination of intermediate stress gradients using X-ray diffraction
Published
Author(s)
Thomas Gnaupel-Herold
Abstract
A method is outlined that allows the determination of one-dimensional stress gradients at length scales greater than 0.2 mm. By using standard four-circle X-ray diffractometer equipment and simple aperture components, length resolutions down to 0.05 mm in one direction can be achieved through constant orientation of a narrow, line-shaped beam spot. Angle calculations are given for the adjustment of goniometer angles, and for the effective azimuth and tilt of the scattering vector for general angle settings in a four-circle goniometer. The latter is necessary for the computation of stresses from lattice strain measurements.
Gnaupel-Herold, T.
(2009),
Formalism for the determination of intermediate stress gradients using X-ray diffraction, Journal of Applied Crystallography, [online], https://doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809004300, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=610026
(Accessed November 4, 2025)