Error mitigation thresholds in noisy random quantum circuits

Published

July 25, 2025

Author(s)

Pradeep Niroula, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Michael Gullans

Abstract

Extracting useful information from noisy near-term quantum simulations requires error mitigation strategies. A broad class of these strategies rely on precise characterization of the noise source. We study the performance of such strategies when the noise is imperfectly characterized. We adapt an Imry-Ma argument to predict the existence of an error mitigation threshold for random spatially local circuits in spatial dimensions D ≥ 2: characterization disorder below the threshold rate allows for error mitigation up to times that scale with the number of qubits. For one-dimensional circuits, by contrast, mitigation fails at an O(1) time for any imperfection in the characterization of disorder. We discuss implications for tests of quantum computational advantage, fault-tolerant probes of measurement-induced phase transitions, and quantum algorithms in near-term devices.

Citation

Physical Review B

Volume

112

Issue

2

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1103/qsmz-9kkh

Local Download

Keywords

error mitigation, random circuits

Citation

Niroula, P. , Gopalakrishnan, S. and Gullans, M. (2025), Error mitigation thresholds in noisy random quantum circuits, Physical Review B, [online], https://doi.org/10.1103/qsmz-9kkh, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=936323 (Accessed October 16, 2025)