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A Dual Constant-Composition Titration System as In Vitro Resorption Model for Comparing Dissolution Rates of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials

Published

Author(s)

Laurence C. Chow, Milenko Markovic, Shozo Takagi

Abstract

It has been postulated that the in vivo resorption rates of calcium-phosphate bone-graft materials are closely related to their dissolution rates in demineralizing solutions having ionic compositions mimicking the acidic environment produced by osteoclasts. Thus, it is possible to use an in vitro model to produce dissolution-rate data of calcium phosphate materials as a starting point for predicting in vivo resorption properties. Direct pH measurements of the extracellular fluid from bone resorbing cells showed that the pH was as low as 3. In the present study, a dual constant-composition dissolution system was used as an in vitro resorption model to compare dissolution rates of different calcium- phosphate materials. NIST standard reference hydroxyapatite (HA), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), and calcium phosphate cement (CPC) discs of known dimensions (6 mm d x 3 mm h) were allowed to dissolve at 37 C in a solution that had an inorganic composition similar to that of serum ([Ca] = 1.15 mmol/l; [P] = 1.2 mmol/l; [KCl] = 133 mmol/l) and a pH of 3.0. A Ca ion-specific electrode and a pH electrode were used to control the addition of titrants to compensate for the increases in calcium and phosphate concentrations, respectively, in the demineralizing solution. The rate and stoichiometry (Ca/P molar ratio) of dissolution were obtained from the titration data. Each solid dissolved at an approximately constant rate during the dissolution process. The dissolution rates, expressed in mg cm-2 min-1, (mean standard deviation, n = 5) were for HA: 6.58 1.22; DCPD: 21.0 2.6; and CPC: 8.21 0.73. DCPD dissolved three times faster that HA (p 0.05). This model can be used to study the rate and stoichiometry of dissolution of calcium-phosphate bone-graft materials and coatings under a wide range of mineral saturation conditions.
Citation
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B-Applied Biomaterials
Volume
65B
Issue
No. 2

Keywords

bone graft material, calcium phosphate, constant composition titration, dissolution, resorption

Citation

Chow, L. , Markovic, M. and Takagi, S. (2003), A Dual Constant-Composition Titration System as In Vitro Resorption Model for Comparing Dissolution Rates of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B-Applied Biomaterials (Accessed March 18, 2024)
Created May 1, 2003, Updated February 19, 2017