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The superelastic deformation of an adaptive layer composite containing a shape memory alloy as an active component is considered in this paper. It is shown that the intrisic instability of superelastic deformation can be suppressed in such kind of the composite. The stability analysis of superelastic defomation allows one to formulate design principles of adaptive composites with controlled stress-strain hysteresis. The analysis of composite with sufficiently different elastic moduli of a passive and an active layers is a necessary step for using adaptive composites in application required a large reversible superelastic deformation.