NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Paul D. Hale, Tracy S. Clement, Darryl A. Keenan, Dylan F. Williams, Arkadiusz C. Lewandowski, C. M. Wang, Andrew Dienstfrey
Abstract
We present a method for calibrating the voltage a pulse generator delivers to a load at every point in the measured waveform epoch. The calibration includes an equivalent circuit model of the generator so that the user can calculate how the generator will behave when it is connected to different instruments. The calibration also includes a covariance-based uncertainty analysis that provides the uncertainty of each sample and the correlations between the uncertainties at the different time points. Given the calibrated waveform and its covariance matrix, various pulse parameters and their uncertainty can also be calculated.
Hale, P.
, Clement, T.
, Keenan, D.
, Williams, D.
, Lewandowski, A.
, Wang, C.
and Dienstfrey, A.
(2008),
Complete waveform characterization at NIST, Tech. Dig., Conf. on Prec. Electromagn. Meas., Broomfield, CO, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=32878
(Accessed October 21, 2025)