NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Chirp characterization of external modulators with finite extinction ratio using linear optical sampling
Published
Author(s)
Tasshi Dennis, Paul A. Williams
Abstract
We demonstrate a network monitoring technique for the frequency chirping of external modulators based on linear optical sampling. We present α parameter waveforms of digital data modulation from simultaneously measured amplitude and phase. Digital data modulation was compared to sinusoidal modulation to demonstrate the measurement capabilities. The high sensitivity of our technique was used to resolve the detailed impact of a 23-dB extinction ratio on the chirp of a Mach-Zehnder modulator. Unlike some previous methods, a monochromator or optical fiber with known dispersion are not required.
Dennis, T.
and Williams, P.
(2010),
Chirp characterization of external modulators with finite extinction ratio using linear optical sampling, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=904102
(Accessed October 15, 2025)