Characteristic Aspects of Additive Manufacturing Security from Security Awareness Perspectives

Published

July 29, 2019

Author(s)

Lynne Graves, Joshua Lubell, Mark Yampolskiy, Wayne King

Abstract

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is expected to become an established manufacturing technology in the near future. The growing penetration of AM at manufacturers across the world and the dependence of this technology on computerization have already raised security concerns, some of which have been proven experimentally. In this paper, we analyze AM Security from three awareness perspectives, exposure to an attack, evaluation of the system, and potential liability for a successful attack. For each of these perspectives, we first introduce the conceptual background, and then provide analysis of its applicability to AM, highlighting its distinctiveness from closely related Subtractive Manufacturing (SM). Our analysis shows that, while there is certain overlap between Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing security, AM requires a separate and unique perspective and approach undertaken by experts with relevant domain expertise.

Citation

IEEE Access Journal

Volume

7

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

DOI Link

Keywords

additive manufacturing, AM security, 3D printing, subtractive manufacturing, security, safety

Citation

Graves, L. , Lubell, J. , Yampolskiy, M. and King, W. (2019), Characteristic Aspects of Additive Manufacturing Security from Security Awareness Perspectives, IEEE Access Journal, [online], https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2931738 (Accessed October 16, 2025)