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Rietveld refinement has a primary purpose of refining crystal structure. However, this powerful technique is being increasingly used for obtaining microstructural information, such as texture, crystallite size, strain and stress, and crystalline defect concentration. The review discusses determination of these properties in Rietveld-refinement programs with especial emphasis on the modeling of diffraction-line broadening and diffraction-line shift.
Balzar, D.
and Popa, N.
(2005),
Analyzing Microstructure by Rietveld Refinement, Rigaku J., [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=50140
(Accessed October 27, 2025)