3D printing using concrete extrusion: a roadmap for research

Abstract

Large-scale additive manufacturing processes for construction utilise computer controlled placement of extruded cement-based mortar to create physical objects layer-by-layer. Demonstrated applications include component manufacture and placement of in-situ walls for buildings. These applications place different constraints on the design and technical issues associated with the production process. This paper combines published and new work to explore these issues as they relate to fresh and hardened properties and how these are influenced by creation of geometry. Findings are framed by application to create a matrix of issues that describe the spectrum of future research exploration in this emerging field.