NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
The vector mixer characterization method first introduced by Dunsmore [1] can be used only for mixers where the Local Oscillator (LO) frequency lies between the RF input and output frequencies. Attempts to use the method for mixers with the LO greater than both the input and output frequencies yield erroneous results. An improved method is described which can properly characterize both types of mixers. A theoretical basis is introduced and experimental results are presented which justify the new method.
Proceedings Title
Tech. Dig., IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium
frequency converters, group delay, image frequency, Mixers, vector measurements
Citation
Dunsmore, J.
, Hubert, S.
and Williams, D.
(2004),
Vector Mixer Characterization for Image Mixers, Tech. Dig., IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Fort Worth, TX, USA, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=31630
(Accessed November 4, 2025)