NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
The Lorentz reciprocity condition is applied to junctions composed of reciprocal media which connect uniform but otherwise arbitrary waveguides. An expression relating the forward and reverse transmission coefficients is derived and factored into two terms: the first involving the phase of the reference impedance in the guide, and the second a new reciprocity factor. The usual condition equating the forward and reverse transmission coefficients is shown not to hold in the general case. Experimental evidence supporting the theoretical results is presented.
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
Williams, D.
and Marks, R.
(1993),
Reciprocity Relations in Waveguide Junctions, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, [online], https://doi.org/10.1109/22.238534
(Accessed October 1, 2025)