Fleming, J.
, Reed, M.
, Zegers, E.
, Williams, B.
and Sheinson, R.
(1998),
Extinction Studies of Propane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames: The Effectiveness of Aerosols, Special Publication (NIST SP), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=909195
(Accessed October 8, 2025)
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Extinction Studies of Propane/Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames: The Effectiveness of Aerosols
Published
Author(s)
J W. Fleming, M D. Reed, E J. Zegers, B A. Williams, R S. Sheinson
Abstract
The list of suitable halon alternatives for fire suppression includes aerosols. Both liquid droplets and solid particles have shown promise as potential replacements. Small particles of alkali metal salts have been observed to be more effective on a mass basis than Halon 1301 [1,2]. The most common alkali metal salt agents in use are sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03) and potassium bicarbonate (KHC03). NaHC03 is widely used in fire extinguishers because of its low cost. Both agents also have markets in explosion protection, and in such applications as paint spray booths, fuel filling stations, and restaurant cooking areas. In addition to high efficiency, the powders have many other advantages, including low toxicity and corrosivity. They also have minimal impact on the environment as they have zero ozone depletion or global warming potential.Citation
Special Publication (NIST SP) - 984-4
Report Number
984-4
NIST Pub Series
Pub Type
NIST Pubs
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Citation
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Created May 12, 1998, Updated February 19, 2017