NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Sub-femtosecond absolute timing jitter with a 10 GHz hybrid photonic-microwave oscillator
Published
Author(s)
Tara M. Fortier, Craig W. Nelson, Archita Hati, Franklyn J. Quinlan, Jennifer A. Taylor, Haifeng (. Jiang, Chin-Wen Chou, Till P. Rosenband, Nathan D. Lemke, Andrew D. Ludlow, David A. Howe, Christopher W. Oates, Scott A. Diddams
Abstract
We present an optical-electronic approach to generating microwave signals with high spectral purity. By overcoming shot noise and operating near fundamental thermal limits, we demonstrate 10 GHz signals that have timing deviation from an ideal periodic sine wave of only 4 parts per million even after integrating the noise over 10 billion cycles.
Citation
Applied Physics Letters
Volume
100
Pub Type
Journals
Keywords
microwave generation, optical frequency comb, phase noise
Fortier, T.
, Nelson, C.
, Hati, A.
, Quinlan, F.
, Taylor, J.
, Jiang, H.
, Chou, C.
, Rosenband, T.
, Lemke, N.
, Ludlow, A.
, Howe, D.
, Oates, C.
and Diddams, S.
(2012),
Sub-femtosecond absolute timing jitter with a 10 GHz hybrid photonic-microwave oscillator, Applied Physics Letters
(Accessed October 16, 2025)