Development of a Hazard-Based Method for Evaluating the Fire Safety of Passenger Trains

Published

June 29, 1999

Author(s)

Richard W. Bukowski, Richard D. Peacock, Paul A. Reneke, Jason D. Averill, S. H. Markos

Abstract

The fire safety of U.S. passenger rail trains currently is addressed through small-scale flammability and smoke emission tests and performance criteria promulgated by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The FRA approach relies heavily on test methods applied to the primary combustible materials of rail vehicle components. As building fire safety regulations move toward performance codes, there has been interest in the application of fire hazard assessment to rail vehicles using modeling techniques. Accordingly, with FRA funding, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center) have been working on such an alternative approach. This effort included a systematic study of the fire performance characteristics of current rail car materials. First, the heat release and smoke production of actual materials in use were characterized in the Cone Calorimeter. Next, full-scale assembly tests of components such as seats and interior panels constructed of these same materials were conducted in a furniture calorimeter. Full-scale tests of rail cars incorporating the tested components are planned. The predictive accuracy of fire hazard modeling techniques will be assessed against the full-scale test results and the model's utility in evaluating alternative fire safety improvements, such as automatic suppression or smoke exhaust will be demonstrated. The paper provides an overview of five years of work and the findings to date. It is expected that this work could lead to Ihe recognition of fire hazard-based methods as an alternative the current prescriptive requirements.

Proceedings Title

International Interflam Conference, 8th Proceedings. Volume 2

Conference Dates

June 29-July 1, 1999

Conference Location

Edinburgh,

Pub Type

Conferences

Download Paper

Local Download

Keywords

fire science, fire safety, passenger trains, cone calorimeters, test methods, fire hazard, hazard analysis, large scale fire tests, furnishings, seats, walls, curtains, fabrics, floor coverings, heat release rate, fire growth, fire spread

Citation

Bukowski, R. , Peacock, R. , Reneke, P. , Averill, J. and Markos, S. (1999), Development of a Hazard-Based Method for Evaluating the Fire Safety of Passenger Trains, International Interflam Conference, 8th Proceedings. Volume 2, Edinburgh, , [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=912914 (Accessed October 8, 2025)