Characterization of volcanic tuff pores pre- and post-underground nuclear detonation using ultra-small and small angle neutron scattering

Published

February 21, 2026

Author(s)

Mei Ding, Rex Hjelm, Marilyn Hawley, Aviva Sussman, Scott Broome, Jennifer Wilson, John Barker, Erika Swanson, Chelsea Neil

Abstract

The ability to accurately model the subsurface transport of radionuclides is fundamental to the remote detection and characterization of underground nuclear explosion (UNE) events. Developing more sophisticated transport models presents a significant opportunity to enhance monitoring capabilities, particularly in the reliable prediction of signature migration. Experimentally determined characterization of geologic materials associated with transport properties is the pertinent base information for such robust model development and calibration. Here, we report results from an unprecedented study demonstrating changes to the pore and fracture network structures in geological materials in response to UNEs over nanometer to micrometer length scales. Volcanic tuffs of five different lithological formations from pre- and post-UNE environments were collected from the Nevada National Security Site. Combined ultra-small and small-angle neutron scattering techniques were used to characterize the tuff pore structure. The results demonstrate measurable differences in the specific surface area and porosity of samples pre- and post-shot from texturally similar lithological formations, indicating that pore properties can serve as a direct physical signature of a UNE. The results also provide experimentally determined transport parameters in support of advanced model development through the integration of gas migration, hydrodynamic simulations, and geologic framework models.

Citation

Scientific Reports

Volume

16

Issue

1

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40996-4

Local Download

Keywords

SANS, porosity, rock, underground nuclear explosion, tuff, pore structure

Citation

Ding, M. , Hjelm, R. , Hawley, M. , Sussman, A. , Broome, S. , Wilson, J. , Barker, J. , Swanson, E. and Neil, C. (2026), Characterization of volcanic tuff pores pre- and post-underground nuclear detonation using ultra-small and small angle neutron scattering, Scientific Reports, [online], https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-40996-4, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=960755 (Accessed October 16, 2026)

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