Leveraging the revised International System of Units: Torque from the fundamental constants

Published

September 17, 2025

Author(s)

Zane Comden, Stephan Schlamminger, Frank Seifert, Kumar Arumugam, Chandra Shahi, David Newell, Leon Chao

Abstract

Calibration of tools designed to apply known torques such as torque wrenches and torque screwdrivers requires a chain of traceable standards to the definition of the kilogram in the International System of Units (SI). This traceability chain presently relies on physical mass and length artifact standards. We present a detailed description and experimental verification of a device which utilizes the Kibble principle to measure torques up to 1\,N\,m. The second generation Electronic NIST Torque Realizer (ENTR\_v2) can calibrate torque tools to 0.1\% accuracy or better while directly leveraging the 2019 revised SI independent of traditional mass and length traceability chains.

Citation

Metrologia

Volume

62

Issue

5

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ae029a

Local Download

Keywords

Calibration, measurement techniques, measurement uncertainty, metrology, torque measurement

Citation

Comden, Z. , Schlamminger, S. , Seifert, F. , Arumugam, K. , Shahi, C. , Newell, D. and Chao, L. (2025), Leveraging the revised International System of Units: Torque from the fundamental constants, Metrologia, [online], https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ae029a, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=960097 (Accessed March 3, 2026)