Energy Efficiency Scaling for 2 Decades (EES2) R&D Roadmap. V1.0 for Compute

Published

April 3, 2025

Author(s)

Tina Kaarsberg, M Ahmed, A Paramonov, Amanda Petford-Long, Y Zhang, C Green, D Braga, F Fatim, F Musso, J Hoff, T Shah, P Nagapurkar, S Pawlowski, W Huang, C Gotama, P Klabbers, A Ziabari, Y Chen, T Wei, B Hirano, T McDonald, A Bhavnagarwala, S Misra, James Booth, Daniel Gopman, P Sharps, J Baniecki, E Salman, J Luo, S Shaheen, D Kudithipudi, J Atulasimha, J Ballard, I Lu, K Shimizu, N Johnson, E Taylor, R Jones, S Shankar

Abstract

The looming crisis in global energy demand for computing was a key driver for the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office (AMMTO) to launch in 2022 a multi-organizational effort to create a roadmap for energy efficiency scaling for two decades (EES2) or less with an initial focus on compute. The scaling called for in the roadmap is biennial doubling of the energy efficiency in all aspects of semiconductor and microelectronics applications. The EES2 is the first largescale effort that is dedicated to energy efficiency across the entire spectrum of computing. The goal is to continue this scaling for ten doublings (in two decades or less) to reach an energy efficiency improvement factor of 1,000x over the current status. By April 2024, sixty-five organizations representing industry, academia, and DOE national laboratories have pledged to cooperate with DOE on EES2 R&D roadmaps and other EES2 activities. A draft of version 1.0 of the EES2 roadmap was released on August 14, 2024, for public comment [1]. This paper describes key roadmap outputs of interest to HPEC.

Citation

IEEE Xplore Digital Library

Pub Type

Journals

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Keywords

energy efficiency, R&D roadmap, scaling

Citation

Kaarsberg, T. , Ahmed, M. , Paramonov, A. , Petford-Long, A. , Zhang, Y. , Green, C. , Braga, D. , Fatim, F. , Musso, F. , Hoff, J. , Shah, T. , Nagapurkar, P. , Pawlowski, S. , Huang, W. , Gotama, C. , Klabbers, P. , Ziabari, A. , Chen, Y. , Wei, T. , Hirano, B. , McDonald, T. , Bhavnagarwala, A. , Misra, S. , Booth, J. , Gopman, D. , Sharps, P. , Baniecki, J. , Salman, E. , Luo, J. , Shaheen, S. , Kudithipudi, D. , Atulasimha, J. , Ballard, J. , Lu, I. , Shimizu, K. , Johnson, N. , Taylor, E. , Jones, R. and Shankar, S. (2025), Energy Efficiency Scaling for 2 Decades (EES2) R&D Roadmap. V1.0 for Compute, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958813 (Accessed November 21, 2025)