NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Bubble Point Measurements of Mixtures of HFO and HFC Refrigerants
Published
Author(s)
Stephanie L. Outcalt, Aaron Rowane
Abstract
Bubble point pressures of six binary mixtures at two compositions each have been measured utilizing a static method. The performance of the apparatus was characterized from bubble point measurements of R32 + R125 for which 19 literature studies are available for comparison. The mixtures studied were as follow: R1234yf + R134a, R134a + R1234ze (E), R1234yf + R1234ze (E), R125 + R1234yf, R1234ze (E) + R227ea and R1234yf + R152a. For each mixture measurements were conducted from 270 K to 360 K or to within approximately 10 K of the critical temperature of the pure component with the lower critical temperature. A total of 196 bubble point pressures are reported with combined expanded uncertainties (k = 2) ranging from 0.1% – 0.6%. The measured data are graphically compared to available literature data.
Outcalt, S.
and Rowane, A.
(2021),
Bubble Point Measurements of Mixtures of HFO and HFC Refrigerants, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, [online], https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.1c00654, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=932620
(Accessed October 9, 2025)