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PUBLICATIONS

Resonant acoustic nonlinearity and loss in additively manufactured stainless steel

Published

Author(s)

Ward L. Johnson, Justin G. Whiting, Felix H. Kim, Paul R. Heyliger, Nikolas W. Hrabe

Abstract

Resonant acoustic nonlinearity and loss in additively manufactured stainless steel were measured with the aim of assessing the potential of such measurements for nondestructively sensing defects that degrade mechanical performance. The material was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) with intentional differences in spacing between laser tracks, which produced differences in porosity and amount of incompletely melted powder. The composition of the material was that of nominal 17-4 stainless steel. X-ray computed tomography was employed to image the structure of pores, including incompletely melted particles. Porosities were determined to be in the range of approximately 0.05 % to 11.9 % , and unmelted powder fractions were in the range of approximately 0 % to 2.3 %. Noncontacting electromagnetic-acoustic transduction was employed to excite the lowest-order cutoff torsional mode in cylindrical specimens. Resonant frequencies as a function of RF amplitude were determined through time-domain analysis of decaying waveforms following tone-burst excitation, and acoustic loss was determined from an exponential fit of amplitude vs. time during ringdown. Resonant frequencies were found to decrease with time during ringdown, corresponding to an unusual positive dependence on vibrational amplitude. Amplitude-dependent frequency shifts and acoustic loss increased between specimens monotonically with porosity and unmelted powder fraction.
Proceedings Title
AIP Conference Proceedings
Conference Dates
July 16-19, 2018
Conference Location
Burlington, VT
Conference Title
45th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation
Pub Type
Conferences

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5099712
Local Download

Keywords

Additively manufactured materials, stainless steel, porosity, defects, nondestructive evaluation, resonant ultrasonics, X-ray CT, acoustic nonlinearity, anelasticity, acoustic loss
Metals, Mechanical properties and Composition and structure

Citation

Johnson, W. , Whiting, J. , Kim, F. , Heyliger, P. and Hrabe, N. (2019), Resonant acoustic nonlinearity and loss in additively manufactured stainless steel, AIP Conference Proceedings, Burlington, VT, [online], https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5099712 (Accessed October 13, 2025)

Issues

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Created May 8, 2019, Updated January 9, 2020
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