NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
High efficiency generation of THz from 1550-nm: exceeding the Manley-Rowe limit with photoconductive emitters
Published
Author(s)
A Feldman, Todd E. Harvey, Richard Mirin, A. Mingardi, W-D. Zhang, E. R. Brown
Abstract
Two photoconductive emitters - one with a self-complementary square spiral antenna, and the other with a resonant slot antenna - were fabricated on a GaAs epilayer embedded with ErAs quantum dots. Driven with 1550 nm fiber mode-locked lasers, 117 υW broadband THz power was generated from the device with the spiral antenna, and 2 υW from the device with resonant slot antenna. The optical-to-THz conversion is through extrinsic photoconductivity, which can and does surpass the Manley-Rowe limit.
Feldman, A.
, Harvey, T.
, Mirin, R.
, Mingardi, A.
, Zhang, W.
and Brown, E.
(2018),
High efficiency generation of THz from 1550-nm: exceeding the Manley-Rowe limit with photoconductive emitters, Optics Express, [online], https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.014472, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=925580
(Accessed October 9, 2025)