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Anna Fox (Fed)

Supervisory Electronics Engineer

Dr. Anna Fox is an internationally recognized contributor in the field of superconducting electronics and the design and fabrication of voltage standard circuits. Her body of research has enabled advances in voltage standard devices as well as reliable dissemination. Dr. Fox engineered the first reliably manufacturable 10V Josephson voltage standard and designed and fabricated the first usable Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) devices. She is responsible for the fabrication process and fabrication of all the disseminatable voltage standard devices for the DC Voltage Reference (PJVS) and JAWS enabling the creation of the first ever NIST Standard Reference Instrument. Because of their metrological excellence and accessibility through the SRI program, Dr. Fox’s voltage standard devices are currently considered the realization of the SI electrical unit.

Prior to joining the Quantum Voltage project in 2013, Dr. Fox was a National Research Council Postdoctoral researcher in the NIST Optoelectronics Group from 2009 to 2010 where she worked fabricating superconducting transition-edge sensors for use at optical wavelengths. She continued her work in transition-edge sensor fabrication in the NIST Quantum Sensors Group where she fabricated arrays of TES bolometers for cosmic microwave background detection.

Awards

  • 2026 CTL Safety Award
  • 2024 CTL Staff Member of the Year
  • 2024 NIST Bronze Medal Award
  • 2023 IEEE Foundation Heritage Circle
  • 2021 PML Outstanding Achievement in Measurement Services and Standards Award
  • 2019 Van Duzer Prize, Group Award
  • 2017 NIST Bronze Medal Award
  • 2015 Van Duzer Prize

Publications

Dual-Frequency-Bias Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard Circuit

Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Raegan Johnson, Benjamin Scheck, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz
This article presents a 2-V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) with dual microwave frequency inputs and multiple output taps. The design provides...

Data and Software Publications

Leakage Current Effects with Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards

Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Charles J. Burroughs, Stephane S Solve, Anna E Fox, Raegan L Johnson-Wilke, Benjamin T Scheck, Paul D Dresselhaus, Samuel P Benz
This work presents the results of evaluating and measuring the dc leakage effects associated with Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards (PJVS). Two types of leakage error can occur in PJVS systems

Traceable Validation of Calculable Quantum-Based RF Waveforms

Author(s)
Jeremy Thomas, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Anna Fox, Johannes Hoffmann, Paul Dresselhaus
We compare the calculated, quantum-based output of a radio-frequency Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (RF-JAWS) with its measured output that is calibrated through the established NIST RF

Patents (2018-Present)

An automated comparison measurement between two PJVS systems using an analog nanovoltmeter

Josephson Voltage Standard

NIST Inventors
Samuel P. Benz , Paul Dresselhaus , Alain Rufenacht and Anna Fox
It was determined that a device having simultaneous voltage reference signals would be useful for many measurement and calibration activities. A JVS advantageously having multiple output leads would meet this criterion, and provide such voltage references without the need for multiple systems
Created July 30, 2019, Updated September 15, 2026
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