Ultraviolet/Ozone as a tool to control grafting density in surface-initiated controlled-radical polymerizations via ablation of bromine

Published

July 21, 2016

Author(s)

Richard J. Sheridan, Sara V. Orski, Shinichiro Muramoto, Christopher M. Stafford, Kathryn L. Beers

Abstract

We used an ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) cleaner to create substrates for atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with varying surface initiator coverage. We collected complementary time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements to investigate the precise chemical origin of the variation in grafting density. At short exposure times, the atomic composition underwent minor changes except for the relative amount of bromine. At longer UVO exposure times, there is clear evidence of exposure-dependent surface initiator oxidation. Additionally, water contact angle measurements show that the hydrophilicity of the initiator layer is changing substantially over the useful grafting density control range. We interpret these data as evidence of a bromine ablation process within the UVO cleaner, with additional oxidative modification of the rest of the surface. We then used these substrates to create a series of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes varying in grafting density, demonstrating the utility of this tool for the control of polymer brush density. The measured brush grafting densities were correlated with the bromine concentration measured by both ToF-SIMS and XPS. XPS and brush thicknesses correlate strongly, following an exponential decay with a half-life of (18 ± 1) s.

Citation

Langmuir

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01976

Keywords

UVO, grafting density, polymer brush, ATRP, XPS, ToF-SIMS

Citation

Sheridan, R. , Orski, S. , Muramoto, S. , Stafford, C. and Beers, K. (2016), Ultraviolet/Ozone as a tool to control grafting density in surface-initiated controlled-radical polymerizations via ablation of bromine, Langmuir, [online], https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01976 (Accessed October 9, 2025)