Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

SAT-TMMC: Liquid-Vapor coexistence properties - TraPPE-UA n-Butane (LRC)

Liquid-vapor coexistence properties of n-Butane, modeled by the TraPPE-UA Force Field [1], obtained by grand-canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo and histogram re-weighting. Mean values of the saturation pressure, density, and activity (chemical potential- see below) for each phase are reported.

METHOD Grand-canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo and histogram re-weighting [2, 7-12]
Fluid n-Butane
Model TraPPE-UA [1]
V 91125 Å3
TRUNCATION  
  Lennard-Jones 12 Å + analytic Long-range Corrections
Prob. of Disp. Move 0.15
Prob. of Rot. Move 0.15
Prob. of Ins/Del Move 0.6
Prob. of Regrowth Move 0.3
Biasing Function Update Frequency 1.0E5 trial moves
Simulation Length 4.0E9 trial moves

 

T (K)

ρvap (kg/m3)

+/-

ρliq (kg/m3)

+/-

psat (Pa)

+/-

lnzsat

+/-

260 2.6744E+00 9.7039E-04 6.2214E+02 1.1355E-01 9.6039E+04 4.4275E+01 -6.6086E+00 2.4816E-04
270 3.7733E+00 6.1933E-04 6.1120E+02 1.5785E-01 1.3921E+05 3.4763E+01 -6.2852E+00 1.9620E-04
280 5.1859E+00 2.8346E-03 6.0021E+02 1.6458E-01 1.9584E+05 1.1170E+02 -5.9917E+00 2.2783E-04
290 6.9726E+00 4.8224E-03 5.8850E+02 1.6588E-01 2.6864E+05 1.4197E+02 -5.7241E+00 3.4159E-04
300 9.1961E+00 3.9770E-03 5.7660E+02 2.1610E-01 3.6014E+05 8.9835E+01 -5.4798E+00 2.4639E-04
310 1.1928E+01 4.5937E-03 5.6426E+02 1.2926E-01 4.7296E+05 7.6236E+01 -5.2563E+00 1.6644E-05
320 1.5260E+01 6.8396E-03 5.5140E+02 1.0071E-01 6.1021E+05 1.0262E+02 -5.0515E+00 1.0540E-04
330 1.9292E+01 4.9510E-03 5.3792E+02 1.1502E-01 7.7477E+05 2.3778E+02 -4.8633E+00 1.5064E-04
340 2.4156E+01 1.1391E-02 5.2384E+02 1.4795E-01 9.6947E+05 2.7508E+02 -4.6902E+00 1.9397E-04
350 3.0013E+01 1.4062E-02 5.0883E+02 9.2284E-02 1.1976E+06 3.6212E+02 -4.5306E+00 6.5465E-05

 

Remarks:
Uncertainties were obtained from four independent simulations and represent 95% confidence limits based on a standard t statistic. Liquid-vapor coexistence was determined by adjusting the activity such that the pressures of the liquid and vapor phases were equal. Here, the pressure is not the conventional virial pressure [3,4] but is the actual thermodynamic pressure, based on the fact that the absolute free energies can be obtained from the distributions determined from simulation [5]. Alternative methods, for example Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo and combination grand-canonical Monte Carlo and histogram re-weighting, can be used to determine liquid-vapor coexistence. A review of standard methods of phase equilibria simulations can be found in Ref. 6.

As introduced in Refs. 3 and 4, the activity, z, is defined as

z = Λ-3 exp(βμ)

where Λ is the de Broglie wavelength, β = 1/(kBT) (where kB is Boltzmann's constant), and μ is the chemical potential. It is sometimes more convenient to work with ln z in the simulations and in post-processing. The reported activity has units of Å-3.

References

  1. M. G. Martin and J. I. Siepmann, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 2569–2577 (1998).
  2. J. R. Errington, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 9915 (2003).
  3. M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Computer Simulation of Liquids (Oxford University Press, New York, 1989).
  4. D. Frenkel and B. Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulation, 2nd ed. (Academic, San Diego, 2002)., pp.37-38.
  5. J. R. Errington and A. Z. Panagiotopoulos, J. Chem. Phys., 109, 1093 (1998).
  6. A. Z. Panagiotopoulos, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 12, R25-R52, (2000).
  7. V. K. Shen and D. W. Siderius, J. Chem. Phys., 140, 244106, 2014.
  8. V. K. Shen and J. R. Errington, JPC B 108, 19595, 2004.
  9. V. K. Shen and J. R. Errington, JCP 122, 064508, 2005.
  10. V. K. Shen, R. D. Mountain, and J. R. Errington, JPC B 111, 6198, 2007.
  11. D. W. Siderius and V. K. Shen, JPC C 117, 5681, 2013.
  12. A. S. Paluch, V. K. Shen, and J. R. Errington, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47, 4533, 2008.
Created September 23, 2013, Updated March 8, 2022