NIST conducted a series of tests at the Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility (NZERTF) to better understand the physics and chemistry that occur within the facility. These tests, known as the Chemical Assessment of Surfaces and Air (CASA), investigated airflow patterns and chemical transformations within the indoor environment. By using perturbations (e.g., cooking, cleaning), the addition of indoor and outdoor pollutants, and manipulating environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, relative humidity), a comprehensive suite of instruments was able to capture different chemical components in the gas, particle, and surface phases.