Ultra-stable optical clock with two cold-atom ensembles

Published

January 1, 2017

Author(s)

Marco Schioppo, Roger Brown, Will McGrew, Nathan M. Hinkley, Robert J. Fasano, Kyle Beloy, Gianmaria Milani, Daniele Nicolodi, Jeffrey Sherman, Nate B. Phillips, Christopher W. Oates, Andrew Ludlow

Abstract

Atomic clocks based on optical transitions are the most stable, and therefore precise, timekeepers available. These clocks operate by alternating intervals of atomic interrogation with ‘dead' time required for quantum state preparation and readout. This non-continuous interrogation of the atom system results in the Dick effect, an aliasing of frequency noise of the laser interrogating the atomic transition. Despite recent advances in optical clock stability achieved by improving laser coherence, the Dick effect has continually limited optical clock performance. Here we implement a robust solution to overcome this limitation: a zero-dead-time optical clock based on the interleaved interrogation of two cold-atom ensembles. This clock exhibits vanishingly small Dick noise, thereby achieving an unprecedented fractional frequency instability of 6x10^-17}/sqrt(tau) for an averaging time tau in seconds. We also consider alternate dual-atom-ensemble schemes to extend laser coherence and reduce the standard quantum limit of clock stability, achieving a spectroscopy line quality factor Q>4x10^15} .

Citation

Nature Photonics

Pub Type

Journals

Keywords

optical clock, atomic clock, ytterbium, optical lattice, Dick effect

Citation

Schioppo, M. , Brown, R. , McGrew, W. , Hinkley, N. , Fasano, R. , Beloy, K. , Milani, G. , Nicolodi, D. , Sherman, J. , Phillips, N. , Oates, C. and Ludlow, A. (2017), Ultra-stable optical clock with two cold-atom ensembles, Nature Photonics (Accessed October 8, 2025)