Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Superconformal Bottom-Up Gold Deposition in High Aspect Ratio Through Silicon Vias

Published

Author(s)

Daniel Josell, Thomas P. Moffat

Abstract

This work presents superconformal, bottom-up Au filling of high aspect ratio Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) along with a predictive framework based on the coupling of suppression breakdown and surface topography. The work extends a previous study of superconformal Au deposition in lower aspect ratio TSVs. Deposition was performed in a Na3AuSO3 electrolyte containing a branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) deposition-rate suppressing additive. Voltammetric measurements using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) were used to assess the impact of the PEI suppressor concentration and transport on the rate of metal deposition, enabling the interplay between metal deposition and suppressor adsorption to be quantified. The positive feedback associated with suppression breakdown gives rise to an S-shaped negative differential resistance (S-NDR). The derived kinetics for suppressor adsorption and consumption were used in a mass conservation model to account for bottom-up filling of patterned features. Predictions, including the impact of deposition potential and additive concentration on feature filling, are shown to match experimental results for filling of TSVs. This further generalizes the utility of the additive derived S-NDR model as a predictive formalism for identifying additives capable of generating localized, void-free filling of TSVs by electrodeposition.
Citation
Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Keywords

gold, interconnect, TSV, via, through silicon via, superfill, superconformal, electrodeposition

Citation

Josell, D. and Moffat, T. (2017), Superconformal Bottom-Up Gold Deposition in High Aspect Ratio Through Silicon Vias, Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Accessed December 9, 2024)

Issues

If you have any questions about this publication or are having problems accessing it, please contact reflib@nist.gov.

Created April 14, 2017, Updated April 20, 2017