In Situ Atomic Scale Imaging of Electrochemical Lithiation of Silicon

Published

October 7, 2012

Author(s)

Xiao Hua Liu, Sergiy Krylyuk, Albert Davydov, Jian Yu Huang

Abstract

In lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical reaction between the electrodes and lithium is a critical process that controls the capacity, cyclability and reliability of the battery. Despite intensive study, the atomistic mechanism of the electrochemical reactions occurring in these solid-state electrodes remains unclear. Here, we show that in situ transmission electron microscopy can be used to study the dynamic lithiation process of single-crystal silicon with atomic resolution. We observe a sharp interface (∼1 nm thick) between the crystalline silicon and an amorphous LixSi alloy. The lithiation kinetics are controlled by the migration of the interface, which occurs through a ledge mechanism involving the lateral movement of ledges on the close-packed 111} atomic planes. Such ledge flow processes produce the amorphous LixSi alloy through layer-by-layer peeling of the 111} atomic facets, resulting in the orientation-dependent mobility of the interfaces.

Citation

Nature Nanotechnology

Volume

7

Pub Type

Journals

Keywords

lithium ion battery, ledge mechanism, interfacial mobility anisotropy, in-situ transmission electron microscopy

Citation

Liu, X. , Krylyuk, S. , Davydov, A. and Huang, J. (2012), In Situ Atomic Scale Imaging of Electrochemical Lithiation of Silicon, Nature Nanotechnology (Accessed March 31, 2026)