Simultaneous Neutron and X-Ray Imaging of 3D Kerogen and Fracture Structure in Shales

Published

June 17, 2017

Author(s)

Wei-Shan NMN Chiang, Jacob M LaManna, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Yun Liu, Jilin Zhang, Daniel T. Georgi, Jin-hong Chen

Abstract

Hydrocarbon production from shales using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing has been the key development in US energy industry in the past decade and has now become more important globally. Nevertheless, many fundamental problems related to the storage and flow of light hydrocarbons in shales are still unknown. It has been reported that the hydrocarbons in the shale rocks are predominantly stored within the kerogen pores with characteristic length scale between 1 nm to 100 nm. In addition, the 3D connectivity of these kerogen pores and fractures from the micron to centimeter scale form the flow path for light hydrocarbons. Therefore, to better model the gas-in-place and permeability in shales, it is necessary to quantify the structural distribution of organic and inorganic components and fractures over a large breadth of length scales. Simultaneous neutron and X-ray tomography offers a core-scale non-destructive method that can distinguish the organic matter, inorganic minerals, and open and healed fractures in shales with resolution of about 20 υm and field of view of about 2 cm. In the neutron data, the hydrogen-rich areas, i.e. organic matter, are brighter because hydrogen has a larger attenuation coefficient and attenuates neutron intensity more significantly. For the X-ray data, the attenuation coefficient of an element is related to its atomic number Z and the brighter areas indicate the region containing more high-Z elements such as minerals. Open fractures do not attenuate either neutrons or X-rays and therefore look dark in both neutron and X-ray images. In this study, two shale samples from different locations were investigated using simultaneous neutron and X-ray tomography. We were able to construct multiple 3D images of shales with different properties such as 3D kerogen structure, high-Z minerals, and fractures. The constructed 3D maps of kerogen and fractures can be used in the modeling of hydrocarbon flow in core scale, a 109 upscaling from current methods that models the flow based on SEM images.

Conference Dates

June 17-21, 2017

Conference Location

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Conference Title

SPWLA 58th Annual Logging Symposium

Pub Type

Conferences

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Citation

, W. , , J. , , D. , Duewer, D. , Liu, Y. , Zhang, J. , , D. and Chen, J. (2017), Simultaneous Neutron and X-Ray Imaging of 3D Kerogen and Fracture Structure in Shales, SPWLA 58th Annual Logging Symposium, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=923475 (Accessed April 19, 2024)