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Search Publications by: Marco G. Fernandez (Fed)

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Displaying 1 - 25 of 44

The Burning Characteristics of 3 m to 6 m Dry Douglas-Fir Trees

May 1, 2025
Author(s)
Erik Johnsson, Giovanni Di Cristina Torres, Eric Mueller, Matthew Bundy, Anthony Chakalis, Marco Fernandez, Anthony Hamins
A series of experiments are reported on the burning behavior of dry, 3 m to 6 m tall, Douglas fir trees. The measurements were conducted in the open under quasi-quiescent conditions. The global measurements reported include the transient, peak, and total

Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Landscape Timbers

April 16, 2025
Author(s)
Erik Johnsson, Kathryn Butler, Marco Fernandez, Wei Tang, Shonali Nazare, Philip Deardorff, Sebastian Arana, Alexander Maranghides
NIST is studying how combustible landscape features around a home burn to better understand their levels of hazard and potential roles in spreading wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects of

Global Burning Properties of Little Bluestem, Excelsior and Douglas Fir

April 15, 2025
Author(s)
Kunhyuk Sung, Eric Mueller, Matthew Bundy, Marco Fernandez, Anthony Hamins
A series of experiments were conducted to better understand the burning characteristics of three types of vegetative fuels: Little Bluestem grass, Douglas fir trees, and Excelsior. The measurements included the transient heat release rate (HRR) determined

The Character of Burning Residential and Office Items

March 31, 2025
Author(s)
Anthony Hamins, Giovanni Di Cristina Torres, Matthew Bundy, Anthony Chakalis, Marco Fernandez, Ickchan Kim, Selvarajah Ramesh, Mauro Zammarano
A series of experiments are reported on the burning behavior of single items and assemblies commonly found in offices and residences, including chairs, sofas, mattresses with pillows and bedclothes, and some miscellaneous items such as laptops, bookshelves

The Global and Local Structure of Medium-Scale Pool Fires

October 24, 2024
Author(s)
Kunhyuk Sung, Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Matthew Bundy, Marco Fernandez, Anthony Hamins
A series of experiments are reported that characterize key features of the structure of eight medium-scale pool fires (0.3 m to 0. 4 m) burning a variety of liquid and gaseous fuel types, including 30 cm diameter liquid pool fires burning methanol, ethanol

Wind-driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Firewood Piles

March 30, 2023
Author(s)
Erik L. Johnsson, Kathryn Butler, Marco G. Fernandez, Shonali Nazare, Alexander Maranghides
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for firewood piles under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of firewood types in

Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch

December 12, 2022
Author(s)
Kathryn Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Marco G. Fernandez, Rachel McIntyre, William Saar, Mariusz Zarzecki, Wei Tang, Eric Auth, Michael Pryor, Colin McLaughlin
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of

Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Fences and Mulch

August 10, 2022
Author(s)
Kathryn Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Alexander Maranghides, Shonali Nazare, Marco G. Fernandez, Rachel McIntyre, William Saar, Mariusz Zarzecki, Wei Tang, Eric Auth, Michael Pryor, Colin McLaughlin
A series of field experiments was conducted to examine the effects on fire spread toward a structure for combustible fences and mulch under conditions that may be encountered in a wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire. The fire behavior of a variety of

The Thermal Character of a 1 m Methanol Pool Fire

June 15, 2021
Author(s)
Kunhyuk Sung, Jian Chen, Matthew Bundy, Marco G. Fernandez, Anthony Hamins
This is the second edition of this study, which presents a series of measurements conducted to characterize the structure of a 1 m diameter methanol pool fire steadily burning with a constant lip height in a well-ventilated quiescent environment. The main

The Character of Residential Cooktop Fires

January 8, 2021
Author(s)
Yue Hu, Jian Chen, Zhigang Wang, Ki Yong Lee, Matthew Bundy, Anthony Hamins, Marco G. Fernandez
A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the pre-combustion and combustion properties of corn oil heated in pans from 10 cm to 26 cm diameter by a residential electric- coil element cooktop. For comparison, torch-ignited gasoline, heptane and

The Thermal Character of a 1 m Methanol Pool Fire

February 27, 2020
Author(s)
Kunhyuk Sung, Jian Chen, Matthew Bundy, Marco G. Fernandez, Anthony Hamins
A series of measurements were made to investigate the thermal character of a 1 m diameter methyl alcohol (methanol; CH3OH) pool fire steadily burning with a constant lip height in a quiescent environment. The mass burning rate was measured by monitoring

Assessing the Predictive Capability for Real-Scale Residential Upholstered Furniture Mock-Up Fires using Cone Calorimeter Measurements. Part 1: Real-Scale Experiments

February 10, 2020
Author(s)
William M. Pitts, Martin Werrel, Marco G. Fernandez, Mary A. Long, Evan A. Eisenberg, James J. Filliben, Cory D. Runyon
This is the first of three reports describing a study designed to assess the feasibility of utilizing small-scale measurements in a cone calorimeter as inputs for predicting the burning behavior of real-scale residential upholstered furniture (RUF). Here

Measurement of the Flow Resistance of Vegetation

April 1, 2019
Author(s)
Ryan L. Falkenstein-Smith, Kevin B. McGrattan, Blaza Toman, Marco G. Fernandez
This report documents the measurement of the wind resistance of different types of vegetation. The measurements are made in a wind tunnel with a 2.0 m test section and 0.5 m by 0.5 m cross- section. Samples of vegetation have been cut into cubical volumes

Flame Spread Along Fences Near a Structure in a Wind Field

October 20, 2017
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, Erik L. Johnsson, Marco G. Fernandez, Mariusz Zarzecki, Eric Auth
Combustible fences have been identified in post-fire investigations of wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires as potential threats to homes and other structures. They may ignite due to direct fire contact or firebrands, they may conduct fire along their