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Energy

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Displaying 376 - 400 of 490

Observations of Transient Flooding in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using Time-Resolved Neutron Radiography

November 10, 2009

Author(s)

Michael A. Hickner, Nathan P. Siegel, Ken S. Chen, Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson

The generation and transport of water in both the liquid and gas phases during device operation is an important area of study to understand both steady-state and transient performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Specifically, localized high

Effect of RP-1 Compositional Variability on Thermophysical Properties

October 6, 2009

Author(s)

Marcia L. Huber, Eric W. Lemmon, Thomas J. Bruno

We compare experimental and predicted thermophysical properties of two samples of rocket propellant RP-1 obtained from different batches of RP-1 that exhibit compositional variations. One sample is atypical, due to a high olefin content. The effect of the

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Kerosene-based Rocket Propellants. 1. Comparison of RP-1 and RP-2

September 11, 2009

Author(s)

Jason A. Widegren, Thomas J. Bruno

The decomposition kinetics of the kerosene-based rocket propellants RP-1 and RP-2 was studied. For RP-2, decomposition reactions were performed at 375, 400, 425, and 450 °C. For RP-1, decomposition reactions were only performed at 450 °C because we had

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Kerosene-based Rocket Propellants. 2. RP-2 with Three Additives

September 9, 2009

Author(s)

Jason A. Widegren, Thomas J. Bruno

The thermal decomposition of RP-2 with three potential stabilizing additives was investigated. The additives were 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) and the additive package that is used to make JP-8+100 (herein

Thermophysical Properties Measurements of Rocket Propellants RP-1 and RP-2

September 1, 2009

Author(s)

Stephanie L. Outcalt, Arno R. Laesecke, Karin Brumback

The density, speed of sound, and viscosity of two rocket propellants (RP-1 and RP-2) have been measured. The combined range of the data is from 270 K to 470 K with pressures to 40 MPa. The estimated uncertainty of the density data is 0.1 % and that of the

Reference measurements of Hydrogen's Dielectric Permittivity

August 10, 2009

Author(s)

James W. Schmidt, Michael R. Moldover, Eric F. May

We used a quasi-spherical cavity resonator to measure the relative dielectric permittivity ε r of H 2 at frequencies from 2.4 GHz to 7.3 GHz, at pressures up to 6.5 MPa, and at the temperatures 273 K and 293 K. The resonator was calibrated using auxiliary

Composition-Explicit Distillation Curves for Mixtures of Diesel Fuel with Dimethyl Carbonate and Diethyl Carbonate

July 14, 2009

Author(s)

Thomas J. Bruno, Arron Wolk, Alexander Naydich, Marcia L. Huber

We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves of complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for

A Comparison of the Hypersonic Vehicle Fuel JP-7 to the Rocket Propellants RP-1 and RP-2 Using the Advanced Distillation Curve Method

June 15, 2009

Author(s)

Tara Lovestead, Thomas J. Bruno

JP-7 is a hydrocarbon-based kerosene fraction with a low volatility and high thermal stability. JP-7 was developed in the 1950s to meet the more stringent requirements necessary for the development of high-altitude reconnaissance planes that fly at speeds

Preliminary Surrogate Mixture Models for the Thermophysical Properties of Rocket Propellants RP-1 and RP-2

May 19, 2009

Author(s)

Marcia L. Huber, Eric W. Lemmon, Lisa S. Ott, Thomas J. Bruno

We developed surrogate mixture models to represent the thermophysical properties of a two kerosene rocket propellants, RP-1 and RP-2. The surrogates were developed with a procedure that incorporated experimental data for the density, sound speed, viscosity

Analysis of Fuel Ethanol Plant Liquor with the Composition Explicit Distillation Curve Method

April 16, 2009

Author(s)

Thomas J. Bruno, Arron Wolk, Alexander Naydich

While the use of ethanol and ethanol blends as motor fuels dates back to the earliest vehicles, ethanol has recently received extraordinary attention as a renewable liquid fuel. In the United States, the application of this fluid is mainly as an additive

Composition-Explicit Distillation Curves for Mixtures of Gasoline with Four-Carbon Alcohols (Butanols)

March 9, 2009

Author(s)

Thomas J. Bruno, Arron Wolk, Alexander Naydich

Interest in the domestic production of bio-derived fuels, sparked by the high cost of petroleum crude oil, has lead to consideration of fluids to replace or extend conventional petroleum derived fuels. While ethanol as a gasoline extender has received a

Use of Neutron Imaging for PEMFC Performance Analysis and Design

March 1, 2009

Author(s)

T Trabold, Jon P. Owejan, Jeffrey J. Gagliardo, David L. Jacobson, Daniel S. Hussey, Muhammad D. Arif

Efficient water management is one of the key design objectives for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), due to the influence of water on material selection, hardware configuration, and stack operating conditions. Neutron imaging has proven to be

Research at NIST-Boulder on the Compatibility of Hydrogen and Carbon Steels

February 18, 2009

Author(s)

Nicholas Nanninga

The demand for gaseous hydrogen fuel is expected to necessitate a consistent supply of hydrogen that can only be delivered through networks of existing and new pipelines and storage units. The focus of the Hydrogen Project at the National Institute of

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