NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Role of Empirical Studies Understanding and Supporting Engineering Design
Published
Author(s)
Eswaran Subrahmanian, Ram D. Sriram, Paulien Herder, Henri Christiaans, Ralph Schneider
Abstract
Study of design and norms for designing dates back 2000 years when Vitruvious first wrote his book on architectural design and prescribed what a designer ought to know and how he/she ought to behave. The perceived need to organize and systematize design started with the first conference on design in 1962. Subsequently, there have been numerous conferences and articles on various aspects of design. Nowadays, there are two distinct schools of design: a prescriptive and a descriptive school, the former being the most prevalent in recent literature.
Citation
Role of Empirical Studies Understanding and Supporting Engineering Design
Subrahmanian, E.
, Sriram, R.
, Herder, P.
, Christiaans, H.
and Schneider, R.
(2004),
Role of Empirical Studies Understanding and Supporting Engineering Design, Delft University Press, , [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=822137
(Accessed October 30, 2025)