The Role of Electrophilic and General-Base Catalysis is the Mechanism of Escherichia Coli Uracil DNA Glycosylase

Published

September 1, 1999

Author(s)

A C. Drohat, J. Jagadeesh, E Ferguson, J T. Stivers

Abstract

Escherichia coli uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) catalyzes the hydrolysis of premutagenic uracil bases in DNA by flipping the deoxyuridine from the DNA helix [Stivers, J.T., et al., (1999) Biochemistry 38, 952]. A general acid-base mechanism has been proposed, whereby His187 facilitates leaving group departure by protonating the O2 of uracil, and Asp64 activates a water molecule for nucleophilic attack at C1' of the deoxyribose. Detailed Kinetic studies on the H187Q, H187A and D64N mutant enzymes indicate that Asp64 and His187 stabilize the chemical transition state by 5.3 and 4.8kcal/mol, respectively, with little effect on substrate or product binding. The pH dependence of k_cat for wild-type and H187Q UDG indicates that an unprotonated group in the enzyme-substrate complex (pK_a = 6.2 plus or minus} 0.2) is required for catalysis. This unprotonated group has a small δH of ionization (-0.4 plus or minus 1.7 kcal/mol) and is absent in the pH profile for D64N UDG, suggesting that it corresponds to the general base Asp64. The pH dependence of k_cat for wild-type, H187Q, and D64N UDG shows no evidence for an essential protonated group over the pH range of 5.5-10. Hence, the pK_a of His187 must be outside this pH range if it serves as an electrophilic catalyst. These results support a mechanism in which Asp64 serves as the general base and His 187 acts as a neutral electrophile, stabilizing a developihng negative charge on uracil O2 in the transition state. In the following paper of this issue we establish by crystallography and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy that the imidazole of His 187 is neutral during the catalytic cycle of UDG.

Citation

Biochemistry

Volume

38

Pub Type

Journals

Keywords

2'-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine nucleotide, catalytic mechanism, E. coli uracil DNA glycosylase, site-directed mutagenesis

Citation

Drohat, A. , Jagadeesh, J. , Ferguson, E. and Stivers, J. (1999), The Role of Electrophilic and General-Base Catalysis is the Mechanism of Escherichia Coli Uracil DNA Glycosylase, Biochemistry (Accessed April 24, 2024)