Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of DNA Immobilized on Gold

Published

April 30, 2003

Author(s)

D Y. Petrovykh, H Y. Kimura-Suda, L J. Whitman, Michael J. Tarlov

Abstract

We describe the complementary use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to quantitatively characterize the immobilization of thiolated poly(dT)25 single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on gold. When electron attenuation effects are accurately accounted for in the XPS analysis, the relative coverage values obtained by the two methods are in excellent agreement, and the absolute coverage can be calculated based on the XPS data. The evolution of chemically-specific spectral signatures during immobilization indicates that at lower coverages much of the DNA lies flat on the surface, with a substantial fraction of the thymine bases chemisorbed. At higher immobilization densities, the poly(dT)25 film consists of randomly-coiled ssDNA molecules each anchored via the thiol group and at possibly one or two other bases. We observe strong effects of different buffer salts on the immobilization efficiency and find surprising immobilization kinetics in a standard phosphate buffer. Buffers with divalent salts dramatically increase the efficiency of immobilization and result in very high surface densities (>5 1013/cm2), densities that may only be possible if the divalent counterions induce strong attractive intermolecular interactions. In contrast with previous reports of alkanethiol adsorption kinetics on gold, ssDNA immobilization does not occur with Langmuir kinetics, a result attributable to rearrangement within the film that follows the initial adsorption.

Citation

Journal of the American Chemical Society

Volume

125

Issue

No. 17

Pub Type

Journals

Keywords

alkanethiol, DNA, DNA microarrays, self-assembly

Citation

Petrovykh, D. , Kimura-Suda, H. , Whitman, L. and Tarlov, M. (2003), Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of DNA Immobilized on Gold, Journal of the American Chemical Society (Accessed December 13, 2025)