Pseudorandom Quantum States

Published

August 19, 2018

Author(s)

Yi-Kai Liu, Zhengfeng Ji, Fang Song

Abstract

We propose the concept of pseudorandom quantum states, which appear random to any quantum polynomial-time adversary. It offers a computational approximation to perfectly random quantum states (analogous to cryptographic pseudorandom generators), as opposed to statistical notions of quantum pseudorandomness that have been studied previously, such as quantum t-designs (analogous to t-wise independent distributions). Under the assumption that quantum-secure one-way functions exist, we present efficient constructions of pseudorandom states, showing that our definition is achievable. We then prove several basic properties of pseudorandom states, which show the utility of our definition. First, we show a cryptographic no-cloning theorem: no efficient quantum algorithm can create additional copies of a pseudorandom state, when given polynomially-many copies as input. Second, as expected for random quantum states, we show that pseudorandom quantum states are highly entangled on average. Finally, as a main application, we prove that any family of pseudorandom states naturally gives rise to a private-key quantum money scheme.

Volume

10993

Conference Dates

August 19-23, 2018

Conference Location

Santa Barbara, CA

Conference Title

Crypto 2018

Pub Type

Conferences

Download Paper

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96878-0_5

Keywords

Quantum cryptography, pseudorandom generators, quantum money

Citation

Liu, Y. , Ji, Z. and Song, F. (2018), Pseudorandom Quantum States, Crypto 2018, Santa Barbara, CA, [online], https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96878-0_5 (Accessed December 12, 2024)