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Researchers in the Optical Technology Division utilize measurements of radiant flux to determine temperature. This includes the dissemination of the ITS-90 above 961.78 degrees C using spectral radiance ratios (optical pyrometry) and absolute measurements of spectral or total flux using calibrated radiometers. Measuremetns fo the directional/hemisperical reflectance provide the sample emittance (opaque samples). We engage in training for industry via an annual Radiation Temperature Short Course.