Tew, W.
, Qu, J.
, Zhou, K.
, Benz, S.
, Rogalla, H.
and White, D.
(2019),
Johnson Noise Thermometry, Measurement Science and Technology, [online], https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab3526
(Accessed April 24, 2024)
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Johnson Noise Thermometry
Published
Author(s)
, Jifeng Qu, K L. Zhou, , , David R. White
Abstract
Johnson noise thermometers infer thermodynamic temperature from measurements of the thermally-induced current fluctuations that occur in all electrical conductors. This paper reviews the status of Johnson noise thermometry and its prospects for both metrological measurements and for practical applications in industry. The review begins with a brief description of the foundations and principles of Johnson noise thermometry before outlining the many different techniques and technological breakthroughs that have enabled the application of JNT to high-accuracy, cryogenic, and industrial thermometry. Finally, the future of noise thermometry is considered. As the only purely electronic approach to thermodynamic temperature measurement, Johnson noise thermometry has appeal for metrological applications at temperatures ranging from below 1 K up to 800 K. With the rapid advances in digital technologies, there are also expectations that noise thermometry will become a practical option for some industrial applications reaching temperatures above 2000 K.Citation
Measurement Science and Technology
Volume
30
Pub Type
Journals
Download Paper
Keywords
Noise Thermometry, Johnson Noise, temperature measurement, noise thermometer
Citation
Created September 3, 2019, Updated January 13, 2020