High-Glide Refrigerant Blends in High-Temperature Heat Pumps: Part 2 - Inline Composition Determination for Binary Mixtures

Published

May 10, 2024

Author(s)

Leon Brendel, Silvan Bernal, Carl Hemprich, Aaron Rowane, Ian Bell, Dennis Roskosch, Cordin Arpagus, Andre Bardow, Stefan Bertsch

Abstract

Refrigerant mixtures are frequently used in air-conditioners and heat pumps. However, mixtures with high glides of 30 K and more during evaporation are rare, partially because there is an increased concern about composition shifts within the system. An easy and reliable inline composition measurement could alleviate these concerns and simplify the handling of systems with high-glide mixtures. This study investigates six composition determination methods, which are all non-invasive, five of which can be conducted during system operation. All methods are applied to all available mixtures in a dataset of 380 data points. The binary and ternary mixtures tested consist of the refrigerants R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z), R1234yf, R1224yd(Z), and R32. Using density to calculate the mass fraction was the best method in this study. Considering the average of all data points for one mixture composition, the deviation was at most 0.03 comparing the measured and the charged mass fractions but less than or equal to 0.01 for most mixtures. Most other methods performed well with deviations typically less than 0.05. Some of the methods require only low- cost sensors like thermocouples and pressure transducers.

Citation

International Journal of Refrigeration

Pub Type

Journals

Download Paper

Local Download

Citation

Brendel, L. , Bernal, S. , Hemprich, C. , Rowane, A. , Bell, I. , Roskosch, D. , Arpagus, C. , Bardow, A. and Bertsch, S. (2024), High-Glide Refrigerant Blends in High-Temperature Heat Pumps: Part 2 - Inline Composition Determination for Binary Mixtures, International Journal of Refrigeration, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=957103 (Accessed October 10, 2024)