Keough, R.
and Grill, R.
(2005),
Fire Alarm Systems. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-4C) ***DRAFT for Public Comments***, National Construction Safety Team Act Reports (NIST NCSTAR), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=909079
(Accessed October 22, 2025)
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Fire Alarm Systems. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1-4C) ***DRAFT for Public Comments***
Published
Author(s)
R J. Keough, R A. Grill
Abstract
This report was prepared to support the investigation of active fire protection systems as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) World Trade Center (WTC) Investigation. The purpose of this report is to document the design, installation, and modifications to the fire detection and alarm system for buildings 1, 2 and 7 of the WTC, including system performance during the September 11, 2001, attack.Citation
National Construction Safety Team Act Reports (NIST NCSTAR) - 1-4
Report Number
1-4
NIST Pub Series
Pub Type
NIST Pubs
Download Paper
Keywords
World Trade Center, high rise buildings, building collapse, disasters, fire safety, fire investigations, terrorists, terrorism, fire alarm systems, fire protection, smoke detection, voice communication, communication networks, emergency response, bombs (ordnance)
Citation
Issues
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Created September 1, 2005, Updated February 19, 2017