Dark-Soliton States of Bose Einstein Condensates in Anisotropic Traps

Published

November 1, 2000

Author(s)

D Feder, M S. Pindzola, L A. Collins, B I. Schneider, Charles W. Clark

Abstract

Dark soliton states of Bose-Einstein condensates in anisotropic traps are studied by direct solution of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in three dimensions. The ground and self-consistent excited states for a completely anisotropic harmonic trap are found by relaxation in imaginary time. The energy of a soliton in a harmonic trap is found to be independent of density and geometry for large numbers of atoms. Large-amplitude field modulation at a frequency resonant with the energy of a dark soliton is found to give rise to a state with multiple vortices. The Bogoliubov excitation spectrum of the soliton state contains complex frequencies, which disappear for sufficiently small numbers of atoms or large transverse confinement. The relationship between these complex modes and the snake instability is investigated numerically by propagation in real time.

Citation

Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics)

Volume

62

Issue

No. 5

Pub Type

Journals

Keywords

Bose-Einstein condensation, Gross-Pitaevskii equation, solitons, vortices

Citation

Feder, D. , Pindzola, M. , Collins, L. , Schneider, B. and Clark, C. (2000), Dark-Soliton States of Bose Einstein Condensates in Anisotropic Traps, Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics) (Accessed October 11, 2025)