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John E. Kitching, Svenja A. Knappe, Li-Anne Liew, John Moreland, Hugh Robinson, P Schwindt, V Shah, Vladislav Gerginov, Leo W. Hollberg
Abstract
We describe recent efforts to develop microfabricated atomic frequency references capable of supporting a wide variety of commercial and military systems such as global positioning and wireless communication. These devices are anticipated to eventually have a volume of 1 cm3, dissipate less than 30 mW of electrical power and maintain a fractional frequency stability better than 10-11 over one hour. Because of the small size and low power requirements, these devices will enable atomic-level timekeeping in portable, battery-powered units.
Kitching, J.
, Knappe, S.
, Liew, L.
, Moreland, J.
, Robinson, H.
, Schwindt, P.
, Shah, V.
, Gerginov, V.
and Hollberg, L.
(2005),
Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks at NIST, Proc. NCSLI Conf., Washington, DC, [online], https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=50151
(Accessed October 3, 2025)