Biophysical Characterization of Functionalized Titania Nanoparticles and Their Application in Dental Adhesives

Published

February 2, 2017

Author(s)

Jirun Sun, Elijah J. Petersen, Stephanie S. Watson, Christopher M. Sims, Alexander Kassman, Stanislav A. Frukhtbeyn, Drago Skrtic, Meryem T. Ok, Deborah S. Jacobs, Qiang Ye, Bryant C. Nelson

Abstract

It is demonstrated that carboxylic acid-functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs produce significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after visible light irradiation (400–800 nm, 1600 mW/cm2) in comparison to nonfunctionalized TiO2 NPs. The level of ROS produced under these irradiation conditions was not capable of generating oxidatively induced DNA damage in a cell-free system for TiO2 concentrations of 0.5 mg/L or 5 mg/L. In addition, specific incorporation of the acrylic acid-functionalized TiO2 NPs into dental composites allowed us to utilize the generated ROS to enhance photopolymerization (curing and degree of vinyl conversion (DC)) of resin adhesives and create mechanically superior and biocompatible materials for dental applications. Incorporation of the TiO2 NPs into selected dental composites increased the mean DC values by ≈7%. The modified TiO2 materials and dental composite materials were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Notably, dental adhesives incorporated with acrylic acid-functionalized TiO2 NPs produced stronger bonds to human teeth following visible light curing in comparison to traditional dental adhesives not containing NPs with an increase in the shear bond strength of ≈29%. In addition, no leaching of the incorporated NPs was detectable from the dental adhesives after 2500 thermal cycles using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, indicating that biocompatibility of the adhesives was not compromised after extensive aging. These findings suggest that NP-induced ROS may be useful to produce enhanced nanocomposite materials for selected applications in the medical device field.

Citation

ACTA Biomaterialia

Pub Type

Journals

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DOI Link

Keywords

Dental resins, DNA damage, Titanium dioxide, Nanoparticles, Reactive oxygen species

Citation

Sun, J. , Petersen, E. , Watson, S. , Sims, C. , Kassman, A. , Frukhtbeyn, S. , Skrtic, D. , Ok, M. , Jacobs, D. , Ye, Q. and Nelson, B. (2017), Biophysical Characterization of Functionalized Titania Nanoparticles and Their Application in Dental Adhesives, ACTA Biomaterialia, [online], https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.084 (Accessed April 20, 2024)