An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Anomaly in the Virial Expansion of IAPWS-95 at Low Temperatures
Published
Author(s)
Allan H. Harvey
Abstract
In the standard reference equation of state for the thermodynamic properties of water, known as IAPWS-95, the fourth virial coefficient D(T) becomes abnormally large in magnitude at temperatures below approximately 300 K. At conditions where a virial expansion using only second and third virial coefficients should be essentially exact (such as vapors at pressures near 100 Pa or 1000 Pa), such a truncated expansion may miss on the order of 2% of the deviation from ideal-gas behavior in the compressibility factor or the fugacity. The term in IAPWS-95 that causes this issue is identified, and suggestions are made for future equation-of-state development.
Harvey, A.
(2019),
Anomaly in the Virial Expansion of IAPWS-95 at Low Temperatures, International Journal of Thermophysics, [online], https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-019-2566-5
(Accessed June 1, 2023)