NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.
Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.
An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Advanced multiconfiguration methods for complex atoms: Part I - Energies and wave functions
Published
Author(s)
Charlotte F. Fischer, Michel Godefroid, T Brage, P. Jonsson, G. Gaigalas
Abstract
Multiconfiguration wave function expanssions combined with configuration interaction methods are a method of choice for complex atoms where atomic state functions are expanded in a basis of configuration state functions. Combined with a variational method such as the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) or multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock (MCDHF), the associated set of radial functions can be optimized for the levels of interest. The present review updates the variational MCHF theory to include MCDHF, describes the multireference-single and double (MRSD) process for generating expansions and the systematic procedure of a computational scheme for monitoring convergence. The present review focuses on the calculations of energies and wavefunctions from which other atomic properties can be predicted such as transition rates, hyperfine structures and isotope shifts, for example.
Fischer, C.
, Godefroid, M.
, Brage, T.
, Jonsson, P.
and Gaigalas, G.
(2016),
Advanced multiconfiguration methods for complex atoms: Part I - Energies and wave functions, Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics, [online], https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/18/182004, https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=920054
(Accessed October 14, 2025)