U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Michael Fong (Fed)

Research Chemist

Michael Fong’s research interests include the chemistry of the ocean carbonate system, metrology of seawater pH measurements, and development of chemical informatics tools for quality control of analytical measurements. Accurate measurements of pH and other inorganic carbon parameters are important for quantifying changes in the ocean’s carbon chemistry relevant to water quality and marine ecosystem health. At NIST, Michael is conducting research to improve the quality of spectrophotometric pH measurements with the indicator dye m-cresol purple and working to develop NIST’s capabilities for primary measurements of inorganic carbon parameters in seawater. 

Other publications

  1. Bauman, S.J., M.T. Costa, M.B. Fong, B.M. House, E.M. Perez, M.H. Tan, A.E. Thornton, and P.J.S. Franks. 2014. Augmenting the biological pump: The shortcomings of geoengineered upwelling. Oceanography 27(3):17–23, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.79(link is external)
  2. Bishop, J.K.B., M.B. Fong, and T.J. Wood. 2016. Robotic observations of high wintertime carbon export in California coastal waters. Biogeosciences 13, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3109-2016(link is external)
  3. Carter, B.R., R.A. Feely, N.L. Williams, A.G. Dickson, M.B. Fong, and Y. Takeshita. 2018.  Updated methods for global locally interpolated estimation of alkalinity, pH, and nitrate. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 16, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10232(link is external)
  4. M.B. Fong and A.G. Dickson. 2019. Insights from GO-SHIP hydrography data into the thermodynamic consistency of CO2 system measurements in seawater. Marine Chemistry 211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.03.006(link is external)

    [Google Scholar(link is external)]

Publications

Random and systematic uncertainty in ship-based seawater carbonate chemistry observations

Author(s)
Brendan Carter, Jonathan Sharp, Maribel I. García-Ibáñez, Ryan J. Woosley, Michael Fong, Marta Álvarez, Leticia Barbero, Simon Clegg, Regina Easley, Andrea Fassbender, Xinyu Li, Katelyn Schockman, Zhaohui Aleck Wang, Andrew Dickson
Seawater carbonate chemistry observations are increasingly necessary to study a broad array of oceanographic challenges such as ocean acidification, carbon

Recommendations from the Ocean Carbonate System Intercomparison Forum: Quantifying and reducing uncertainties in the calculations of carbonate system equilibrium in the oceans

Author(s)
Brendan Carter, Jonathan Sharp, Andrew Dickson, Marta Álvarez, Michael Fong, Maribel García-Ibáñez, Ryan Woosley, Takeshita Yuichiro, Leticia Barbero, Robert Byrne, Wei-Jun Cai, Melissa Chierici, Simon Clegg, Regina Easley, Andrea Fassbender, Kalla Fleger, Xinyu Li, Macarena Martín-Mayor, Katelyn Schockman, Aleck Wang Zhaohui
The ocean carbonate system is critical to monitor because it plays a major role in regulating Earth's climate and marine ecosystems. It is monitored using a
View more Publications
Created October 27, 2021, Updated March 21, 2025